QUA ISSUANCE, SUPPLY AND ECONOMIC MODEL

1. Purpose of this Document

This document describes:

• the technical characteristics of the QUA crypto-asset;
• the structure of its supply;
• the distinctions between on-chain totalSupply(), economic supply and circulating supply;
• the current status of the additional-issuance functions;
• QUASA's policy on future issuance;
• the treatment of tokens transferred to a burn/dead address;
• QUASA's declared reserves;
• the ways QUA may be used within the ecosystem;
• the principles governing fees and revenue;
• the principal technical, market and regulatory risks; and
• the standard for future public reporting.

This document supplements the QUASA White Paper and does not replace:

• the Terms of Use;
• the Privacy Policy;
• the Cookies and Similar Technologies Policy;
• the QUASA Rewards rules;
• the Projects and PPC campaign terms;
• the Quasa Connect terms; or
• the terms of a specific transaction or advertising campaign.

If this document conflicts with the Terms of Use, the Terms of Use, the additional terms governing the relevant feature and mandatory provisions of applicable law shall prevail.

2. Important Notice

This document:

• is not personalised investment advice;
• is not financial, legal, accounting or tax advice;
• is not a promise that the value of QUA will increase;
• does not guarantee liquidity or any particular trading volume;
• does not guarantee listing or continued listing on any exchange;
• is not an offer to acquire shares in Quasa International GmbH;
• does not grant any right to QUASA's profit or revenue;
• does not guarantee that QUA can be exchanged for fiat currency or another crypto-asset;
• is not a securities prospectus; and
• does not, by itself, constitute a crypto-asset white paper prepared and notified under Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA).

Acquiring, receiving, holding and using crypto-assets involves the possibility of a partial or total loss of their market value.

The practical use of QUA within QUASA may create functional utility for the token. It does not mean that QUA is backed by QUASA assets, redeemable by the company or exchangeable for a service at a fixed value.

3. Ecosystem Operator

The QUASA ecosystem is operated by:

Platform functions involving QUA, wallets, Rewards, paid Projects and Quasa Connect are intended for persons who are at least 18 years old, or the higher age of legal majority under applicable law. See the QUASA Terms of Use.

4. Technical Characteristics of QUA

Before carrying out a transaction, a User must verify the complete smart-contract address. The name Quasacoin or ticker QUA alone is not sufficient, because an unrelated third party may create a token with a similar name.

Public blockchain explorers display the contract address, QUA symbol, 18 decimals and on-chain supply. See Etherscan.

QUASA never asks a User to provide:

• a private key;
• a seed phrase;
• a wallet recovery phrase; or
• full access to an external wallet.

A cryptographic signature may be used to demonstrate control of a wallet. Such a signature should not, by itself, give QUASA authority to dispose of a User's assets.

5. Terms Relating to QUA Supply

Several separate metrics must be distinguished to understand the economics of QUA correctly.

5.1. On-chain totalSupply()

The number of QUA units returned by the smart contract's totalSupply() function.

This metric changes only in accordance with the smart-contract logic. An ordinary transfer of tokens from one address to another does not reduce totalSupply().

5.2. Burn/dead-address balance

The amount of QUA held at the address that QUASA treats as a burn/dead address:

0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD

A transfer of QUA to this address changes address balances but does not, by itself, reduce the value returned by totalSupply().

5.3. Adjusted economic supply

The calculated difference between:

• on-chain totalSupply(); and
• the amount of QUA held at the specified burn/dead address.

Under QUASA's methodology, this metric reflects the number of tokens outside that address. It is not the value of totalSupply() returned by the smart contract.

5.4. Self-reported circulating supply

The amount of QUA that QUASA classifies as circulating supply under its own methodology.

This metric is supplied by the project.

It is not necessarily equal to:

• the amount of QUA available on exchanges;
• the actual liquid supply;
• the amount that holders are willing to sell; or
• on-chain totalSupply().

5.5. Declared reserves

The amount of QUA that QUASA classifies as company, team or ecosystem reserves.

5.6. Liquid supply

The amount of QUA that is actually available for trading under particular market conditions.

QUASA does not publish an independently audited liquid-supply figure. Liquid supply may differ substantially from self-reported circulating supply.

6. QUA Supply Snapshot

Based on public sources available as of September 1, 2026, the supply structure is as follows:

Approximately 99.84% of on-chain totalSupply() is held at the specified burn/dead address. Adjusted economic supply is calculated as follows:

77,018,214,870.6492 - 76,897,661,652 = 120,553,218.6492 QUA

Public explorers show on-chain totalSupply() of approximately 77.018 billion QUA and a balance of approximately 76.897 billion QUA at the specified dead address. CoinMarketCap displays 120.55 million QUA as Total supply and Max supply, and 65.65 million QUA as Self-reported circulating supply. These figures differ from the totalSupply() value returned by the smart contract and must be considered together with QUASA's methodology. See also Ethplorer.

The declared structure of adjusted economic supply is:

The difference of 0.6492 QUA results from expressing the categories in whole units.

Under QUASA's current methodology, self-reported circulating supply includes approximately 20 million QUA that the project classifies as lost or inaccessible. Self-reported circulating supply should therefore not automatically be treated as liquid or economically active supply. See QUASA's related disclosure.

7. Initial and Additional Issuance

7.1. Smart-contract functions

The published QUA source code contains:

• a mint function that may increase totalSupply();
• an onlyOwner restriction;
• a condition under which additional issuance is possible while mintingFinished is false; and
• a finishMinting function that sets mintingFinished = true.

The published source code does not contain a separate burn function that directly reduces totalSupply(). See the published QUA token contract.

7.2. Publicly displayed state

At the date of review, the Bloxy explorer displayed:

• mintingFinished = false; and
• totalSupply = 77,018,214,870.649201273581001932 QUA.

Ethplorer displayed the following contract-owner address:

0x48299B98D25c700E8f8C4393B4EE49D525162513

These values are readings displayed by third-party explorers. They should be confirmed through direct on-chain calls to mintingFinished(), owner() and totalSupply(), with the exact block number stated immediately before this document is published or updated. See Ethplorer.

7.3. No technically immutable hard cap

The published token source code permits the address returned by owner() to call mint() while mintingFinished() is false.

The actual ability to issue additional tokens depends not only on the token state, but also on the logic of the owner contract, the availability of administrative keys, applicable confirmation thresholds and other restrictions.

As of September 02, 2026, 12:18:49 PM UTC, at Ethereum block, direct on-chain calls returned:

• totalSupply() - 77,018,214,870.6492;
• mintingFinished() - FALSE; and
• owner() - 0x48299B98D25c700E8f8C4393B4EE49D525162513.

The owner address is 0x48299B98D25c700E8f8C4393B4EE49D525162513. Its deployed code, administrative permissions, authorised signers and applicable approval threshold are described at github.com/quasagroup/contracts.

Until mintingFinished() has been confirmed as true, or another technically enforceable restriction has been implemented and independently verified, QUASA does not characterise 120,553,218 QUA as a cryptographically immutable maximum supply.

While:

• mintingFinished() has not been confirmed as true; and
• the additional-issuance function remains technically available to the contract owner,

QUASA does not characterise 120,553,218 QUA as a cryptographically immutable maximum supply.

CoinMarketCap displays 120.55 million QUA as Total supply and Max supply. These catalogue figures differ from the value returned by the deployed contract's totalSupply() function and do not replace an analysis of the contract's actual logic or QUASA's published supply methodology. See CoinMarketCap.

8. QUASA Policy on Future Issuance

Before a formal issuance policy has been adopted, legally reviewed and published, QUASA will not initiate any additional issuance of QUA.

The market price of QUA, by itself, is not a basis for:

• additional issuance;
• locking tokens;
• unlocking tokens;
• transferring tokens into reserves; or
• excluding tokens from economically available supply.

Before any possible additional issuance, QUASA must publicly disclose:

• the legal basis;
• the technical mechanism;
• the maximum amount of QUA to be issued;
• the specific product or operational purpose;
• the person or body that made the decision;
• the process for managing conflicts of interest;
• the address or categories of recipient addresses;
• the proposed date and terms of issuance;
• the conditions governing the lock-up or use of newly issued tokens;
• the effect on on-chain totalSupply();
• the effect on adjusted economic supply;
• the effect on circulating supply and reserves;
• the applicability of MiCA and other requirements;
• the results of subsequent on-chain reconciliation; and
• the transaction hash of each issuance transaction.

If QUASA decides to permanently end the possibility of issuance by calling finishMinting(), the relevant transaction, date, block number and consequences must be published.

This policy is a management commitment by QUASA. It does not replace the technical state of the smart contract.

9. Buybacks and Exclusion of QUA from Economically Available Supply

9.1. Buybacks

A buyback means the acquisition of QUA from other market participants by QUASA or an affiliate or person acting on behalf of QUASA.

A buyback, by itself:

• does not reduce totalSupply();
• does not necessarily reduce circulating supply;
• does not destroy tokens; and
• does not guarantee an increase in the value of the remaining tokens.

The economic effect depends on the subsequent use of the acquired QUA.

9.2. Transfer to the designated burn/dead address

If acquired or other QUA is transferred to:

0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD

QUASA treats the tokens as excluded from adjusted economic supply.

Such a transaction:

• reduces calculated supply outside the specified address;
• does not reduce on-chain totalSupply();
• is not the execution of a smart-contract burn function; and
• must be accompanied by a transaction hash and an explanation of the methodology.

9.3. On-chain burn

An on-chain burn is a transaction in which a dedicated contract function directly reduces totalSupply().

The published source code of the current QUA contract does not confirm the existence of such a function. See the published contract.

9.4. Token locking

Locking QUA in a smart contract is not treated as burning if it remains possible to:

• unlock the tokens;
• withdraw them;
• change the recipient;
• upgrade the contract; or
• obtain administrative access to the assets.

Reversibly locked QUA may be temporarily excluded from an estimate of liquid supply, but not from on-chain totalSupply().

9.5. Terminology

QUASA uses the term burn only together with a description of the specific technical mechanism.

Preferred terms include:

• transfer to a designated burn/dead address;
• exclusion from adjusted economic supply;
• irreversible lock;
• reversible lock; and
• on-chain burn that reduces totalSupply().

10. Reported 2026 Operations and Requirements for the Planned Public Register

QUASA reports that, since the beginning of 2026, it has acquired and transferred 9.2 million QUA for exclusion from adjusted economic supply, including 247,554 QUA in July and August 2026.

A complete reconciled public register has not yet been published. Until it is available, these figures constitute data reported by QUASA and should not be treated as independently audited metrics.

For each operation, the public register should include:

The register should contain a final reconciliation of all operations for the reporting period.

Buybacks and the exclusion of tokens from economic supply do not constitute:

• a mechanism guaranteeing price support;
• a promise that the token's value will increase;
• an obligation for QUASA to purchase QUA continuously; or
• a right of a holder to require QUASA to buy back the holder's tokens.

11. QUA Reserves

11.1. Declared amount

QUASA reports reserves of:

54,899,160 QUA

This represents approximately 45.54% of adjusted economic supply outside the specified burn/dead address. This concentration increases the risk that reserve holders may influence QUA supply, liquidity and market conditions, and therefore requires enhanced disclosure. See QUASA's related disclosure.

11.2. Main declared reserve address

QUASA identifies the following main reserve address:

0x68Fb15c0b14b2730E47F7F1456e1A2BD1B70F639

Publishing the address allows the public to review its on-chain balance and transaction history independently.

However, publication of an address alone does not prove:

• legal ownership of the address;
• completeness of all reserves;
• the purpose of every asset;
• the absence of other reserve addresses;
• the control structure;
• the absence of obligations to third parties; or
• an independent audit.

11.3. Current reserve-transparency status

QUASA states that all reserves identified in this document are attributable to the disclosed main reserve address. This is a statement by QUASA and has not yet been supported by an independent public attestation confirming the completeness of the disclosed reserve-address set.

11.4. Target reserve-management standard

QUASA adopts the following as its target standard:

• publication of all material reserve addresses;
• identification of the purpose of each address;
• a description of the control model;
• use of multisignature control for material reserves where technically appropriate;
• disclosure of the number of signatories and signature threshold without disclosing secret information;
• internal segregation of duties;
• documentation of conflicts of interest;
• advance or timely explanation of material movements;
• periodic on-chain reconciliation;
• independent verification or attestation; and
• publication of material policy changes.

Until a particular element has been implemented, QUASA must not describe it as already operational.

12. Ways to Receive and Use QUA

Depending on the actual availability of a particular feature, a User may receive QUA through:

• QUASA Rewards;
• promotional bonuses;
• referral programmes;
• payment for services;
• refunds; and
• other Platform transactions expressly described by QUASA.

QUA may be used for:

• QUASA Rewards payouts;
• payment of Project review fees;
• funding PPC campaigns;
• advertising and promotional features;
• settlements in Quasa Connect;
• payment of Platform fees; and
• other functions expressly displayed by QUASA.

The inclusion of a function in this document does not mean that it:

• is available in every country;
• is available in every version of the Site or App;
• is available to every User;
• does not require separate verification; or
• is not governed by additional terms.

The Terms of Use provide for the use of QUA in Rewards, Project review, PPC funding, promotional features, Quasa Connect payments and certain fees, depending on the current availability of the relevant service.

13. Internal Balance and On-chain QUA

The internal balance displayed on the Platform may represent an entry in QUASA's ledger rather than a separate on-chain balance in an external wallet.

The following two types of balance must be distinguished:

A reward marked as pending, provisional or under review becomes available only after fulfilment of the relevant conditions has been confirmed.

An internal balance is not:

• a bank account;
• a bank deposit;
• an interest-bearing account;
• a guarantee of a fixed fiat value; or
• an asset protected by a deposit-guarantee scheme.

14. Fees and Economic Flows

14.1. No universal fixed fee

This document does not establish a universal fee of:

• 0.5% for every transaction;
• 3% charged to a service provider; or
• any other fixed percentage for all features.

The applicable fee must be displayed:

• in the interface;
• on the current pricing page;
• in the task details;
• in the advertising order; or
• before the relevant transaction is confirmed.

14.2. Possible types of fees

Depending on the feature, fees may include:

• a Project review fee;
• PPC campaign expenditure;
• advertising fees;
• Platform fees;
• transaction fees;
• escrow fees;
• blockchain-network fees; and
• third-party payment-provider fees.

Where a fee is denominated in QUA, the applicable amount is the number of QUA displayed before the transaction is confirmed. Its fiat equivalent may change due to market volatility.

An Ethereum network fee is generally paid to blockchain-network participants and is not necessarily revenue of QUASA. See the Terms of Use.

14.3. Receipt of QUA and QUASA revenue

QUASA's receipt of QUA does not always constitute revenue.

Tokens received may represent:

• a campaign budget;
• funds allocated to Rewards;
• an amount held temporarily;
• a refundable payment;
• funds belonging to another User;
• a Platform fee; or
• payment for a service actually provided.

The legal and accounting classification depends on the substance of the transaction and the applicable accounting rules.

15. QUASA Monetisation Sources

The monetisation channels actually presented by QUASA include:

QUASA does not publish forecasts in this document concerning:

• future revenue;
• net profit;
• transaction volume;
• company valuation;
• QUA value; or
• global market share.

QUASA Projects and the Terms provide for free and paid review options, PPC budgets, advertising and other fees displayed in the relevant interface. See QUASA Projects.

16. Economic Utility and Market Value

The use of QUA within QUASA may create transactional demand, but does not guarantee:

• an increase in market price;
• price stability;
• growth in trading volume;
• greater liquidity;
• the availability of buyers;
• a sustainable secondary market;
• the ability to sell the required amount of QUA;
• continued availability of every use case; or
• a fixed QUA price for a service.

The market value of QUA is determined by independent market participants and depends on factors outside QUASA's control.

The existence of QUASA products does not mean that:

• each QUA is backed by company assets;
• QUASA is obliged to buy back QUA;
• a holder has the right to exchange QUA for money;
• a holder has the right to receive a particular service; or
• a minimum price is guaranteed.

The Terms of Use expressly exclude guarantees of price appreciation, price stability, liquidity, listing, a particular trading volume, fiat redemption and future acceptance of QUA by third parties. See the Terms of Use.

17. External Exchanges, Wallets and Protocols

Third-party:

• centralised exchanges;
• decentralised exchanges;
• wallets;
• blockchain bridges;
• liquidity pools;
• market makers;
• blockchain explorers; and
• analytics services

are providers independent of QUASA.

QUASA does not guarantee:

• availability of a particular platform;
• accuracy of an external price;
• the amount of a fee;
• market depth;
• absence of slippage;
• security of a third-party wallet;
• safekeeping of funds on an exchange;
• regulatory status of an external service;
• restoration of access to a third-party account; or
• the ability to complete a transaction at a particular time.

QUA may be available only through supported third-party markets. The number and identity of those markets, available trading pairs and liquidity conditions may change at any time.

Links to external platforms are not guarantees of their security and do not constitute an endorsement or recommendation to use them. See the Terms of Use.

18. Rights of QUA Holders

Holding QUA does not, by itself, grant:

• shares in Quasa International GmbH;
• an ownership interest in QUASA;
• a right to company assets;
• creditor rights against QUASA;
• a right to dividends;
• a right to revenue;
• a right to profit;
• a right to fixed-value redemption;
• a right to require a buyback;
• a right to manage Quasa International GmbH; or
• a guaranteed voting right.

This document does not characterise QUA as an active corporate governance token.

Any future voting or community-participation feature must be governed by separate rules that define:

• the subject matter of voting;
• the legal effect of the result;
• eligibility criteria;
• the vote-counting procedure;
• quorum;
• delegation;
• protections against concentration;
• management of conflicts of interest;
• the technical mechanism; and
• implementation of the result.

Such a feature does not grant corporate rights unless expressly established by a separate valid legal document. See the Terms of Use.

19. Regulatory Status

19.1. Status of this document

This document is a public information document describing QUA supply and its economic model.

It does not, by itself, constitute:

• a public offer of QUA;
• an initial token sale;
• an official crypto-asset white paper under MiCA;
• an application for admission to trading;
• an authorisation as a crypto-asset service provider;
• an investment product; or
• a staking programme.

19.2. MiCA

MiCA establishes uniform EU rules on transparency and disclosure for public offers of crypto-assets and their admission to trading, as well as the authorisation and activities of crypto-asset service providers. See ESMA's MiCA information.

If QUASA or another person intends to carry out:

• a public offer of QUA;
• an initial token sale;
• admission of QUA to trading;
• custody of crypto-assets on behalf of clients;
• transfer of crypto-assets on behalf of clients;
• exchange;
• execution or transmission of orders;
• placing;
• advice;
• portfolio management; or
• another regulated service,

a separate documented legal assessment must be completed before the relevant activity begins.

A feature classified as a regulated crypto-asset service may be provided to users in the EEA only where:

• QUASA holds the required authorisation;
• the feature is provided by a duly authorised partner;
• an applicable statutory exemption has been confirmed through documented legal analysis; or
• a documented legal assessment concludes that the feature does not fall within the relevant regulated category.

19.3. Separate token-related operations

A public offer, initial sale, staking, buyback, admission to trading or another investment or regulated product may require separate:

• terms;
• notices;
• risk disclosures;
• white paper;
• authorisations;
• identification procedures; and
• cancellation or refund rules.

Such operations do not arise automatically from this document. See the Terms of Use.

20. Personal Data and the Public Blockchain

A public blockchain may permanently disclose:

• a wallet address;
• a transaction hash;
• an amount;
• date and time;
• a balance;
• token information; and
• interaction with a smart contract.

Deleting a QUASA account does not delete a confirmed public blockchain transaction.

QUASA may process the internal association between an account and a wallet to:

• provide a requested feature;
• confirm a transaction;
• prevent fraud;
• comply with sanctions requirements;
• address a dispute; or
• comply with legal obligations.

Such processing is governed by the Privacy Policy.

The use of cookies, local storage and wallet-connection technologies is governed by the Cookies and Similar Technologies Policy. This document does constitute consent to non-essential tracking.

21. QUA Transparency Standard

QUASA aims to publish dated reports containing the following metrics.

21.1. Supply

• on-chain totalSupply();
• the block number and snapshot date;
• the balance of each designated burn/dead address;
• adjusted economic supply;
• self-reported circulating supply;
• declared reserves;
• a separately calculated liquid-supply figure where the methodology permits one to be determined;
• tokens classified as lost or inaccessible; and
• changes in methodology compared with the previous report.

21.2. Issuance

• the value of mintingFinished();
• the address returned by owner();
• a description of the owner-control model;
• details of each mint operation;
• details of execution of finishMinting();
• the amount of newly issued QUA;
• recipient addresses;
• the purpose of the issuance;
• lock-up conditions; and
• the legal basis.

21.3. Reserves

• a complete list of material reserve addresses;
• the purpose of each address;
• the control model;
• material movements;
• allocation of reserves by purpose;
• the result of periodic reconciliation; and
• the status of an independent audit or attestation.

21.4. Buybacks and exclusion from supply

• date;
• source of funds;
• amount of QUA;
• transaction hash;
• sender;
• recipient;
• technical mechanism;
• change in totalSupply();
• change in adjusted supply; and
• cumulative total for the reporting period.

21.5. Material events

QUASA must disclose without undue delay material events capable of affecting an assessment of QUA, including:

• additional issuance;
• permanent termination of issuance;
• a major movement of reserves;
• a change in the control model;
• discovery of a material vulnerability;
• a hack or loss of control of keys;
• a change in the supported network;
• a material change in use cases;
• a change of operator;
• obtaining, changing or losing regulatory status; and
• a material error in previously published metrics.

22. Key Risks

23. Changes to this Document

QUASA may update this document to reflect:

• changes in on-chain data;
• new issuance;
• transfers of tokens to a burn/dead address;
• changes in reserves;
• changes in use cases;
• changes in fees;
• changes in law;
• a new audit or technical review;
• correction of a material error; or
• changes in product architecture.

A material change should be accompanied by an update to:

• the version number;
• the date;
• the relevant section; and
• a brief description of the change.

Previous materially different versions should be retained in a public archive.

A material error or inaccuracy capable of affecting an assessment of QUA should be corrected without undue delay.

24. Contact Details

Quasa International GmbH

An der Welle 4

60329 Frankfurt am Main

Germany

Commercial Register: Amtsgericht Frankfurt am Main

Registration number: HRB 115741

Support: https://quasa.io/support

Legal enquiries: [email protected]

Personal-data enquiries: [email protected]

Users should also review:

• the QUASA White Paper;
• the Terms of Use;
• the Privacy Policy;
• the Cookies and Similar Technologies Policy;
• the rules governing the relevant feature; and
• the terms governing the relevant transaction.