Detecting and Protecting Against Ransomware in 2022

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A couple of months ago, one of the world’s largest aluminum producers, Norsk Hydro, fell victim to a ransomware attack that struck 22,000 computers across 170 sites in 40 countries. Here’s how to detect and defend against ransomware, along with the most effective protection practices for 2026.

Malware remains a serious threat to businesses of all sizes.

Organizations continue to test various defense strategies, yet many still struggle to contain the damage. Understanding how to protect systems effectively can significantly reduce the impact of an attack.

The consequences of a ransomware incident go far beyond immediate financial losses.

Companies lose valuable time, and their reputation often suffers long after the incident. While some victims manage to restore data from backups, others end up paying the ransom in an attempt to regain access.

Timely detection and robust protection are essential for safeguarding any organization. Email remains one of the primary vectors for ransomware delivery, making secure messaging practices especially important.

What is Ransomware?

Ransomware is a type of malware that infiltrates a victim’s computer and encrypts accessible files. In simple terms, the software locks data behind a password, and only the attackers hold the key until a ransom is paid.

Most infections begin with a seemingly harmless email containing a malicious link or infected attachment. Once inside the network, the malware spreads and encrypts files. Attackers sometimes threaten to leak sensitive information if demands are not met.

Detecting and Identifying Ransomware

Ransomware is designed to operate stealthily rather than showcase the attackers’ skills. Its sole purpose is financial gain at the victim’s expense. Many targeted users and organizations lack sufficient awareness and preparation.

Once ransomware fully infects a device, the system often becomes unusable.

The malicious code typically hides inside documents, images, videos, email attachments, or software installers. After execution, it blocks access to files and sometimes the entire operating system, then displays a ransom note with payment instructions.

Attackers usually set a deadline, after which encrypted files may be permanently deleted.

Criminals often offer a discounted ransom for quick payment and promise to restore access. Unfortunately, many organizations still neglect regular data backups. Implementing consistent backup procedures should be standard practice for every business.

The Best-Known Ransomware Strains

• WannaCry (Wana Decryptor)
• Cryptolocker
• Reveton
• Petya
• BadRabbit
• Jigsaw

Minimizing the Risk of Attack

Ransomware continues to rank among the most significant online threats. A single click on a malicious link can hand attackers control of valuable data. They then encrypt files and demand payment in Bitcoin or another cryptocurrency, making tracing difficult.

Many ransoms are still paid in cryptocurrency, allowing criminal groups to fund further development of their tools.

While individual hackers may target single PCs, organized groups focus on corporate networks where they can encrypt numerous systems simultaneously and maximize damage.

Protecting Your Organization: 10 Practical Steps

Effective ransomware defense requires a layered approach.

• Apply security patches promptly.

Keeping systems updated is essential. The WannaCry outbreak demonstrated how unpatched systems can lead to widespread infection—over 300,000 computers were affected despite an available fix. One in three IT professionals reports damage from unpatched vulnerabilities, according to research by Tripwire.

• Change default passwords on all devices and services.

Brute-force attacks exploit weak or unchanged default credentials. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is another common entry point; strengthening passwords and changing default ports significantly reduces exposure.

• Segment networks and limit administrative privileges.

Hackers prefer large corporate environments. Network segmentation and strict access controls make lateral movement more difficult.

• Maintain an accurate inventory of all connected devices.

The growing number of IoT devices expands the attack surface. Every connected system should be accounted for and secured.

• Identify critical data and implement a reliable backup strategy.

Regular, tested backups stored separately from the primary network allow quick recovery without paying ransom.

• Think carefully before paying any ransom.

Paying does not guarantee data recovery and may encourage further attacks. It also provides criminals with additional resources.

• Develop and regularly test an incident response plan.

A comprehensive plan should cover technical recovery, internal communication, customer notification, and potential involvement of law enforcement or insurers.

• Filter and scan email before it reaches users.

• Monitor network traffic for anomalies.

SIEM and intrusion detection tools provide visibility into suspicious activity.

• Keep antivirus solutions current.

Ransomware continues to evolve.

Attack volumes are rising and techniques are becoming more sophisticated. Security must be embedded into every business process, combining advanced technologies with clear policies and ongoing improvement.

Also read: Email Marketing

Conclusion

Cybercrime generates billions in revenue. Like legitimate businesses, criminal groups constantly seek new opportunities. A proactive, layered defense remains the most effective way to stay ahead.

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